The maiden who refused
Aino is the sister of Joukahainen, promised to the old singer Väinämöinen after her brother loses a singing match. She drowns rather than marry him, and in the 1835 Old Kalevala she escapes his fishing net as a fish. This page follows the episode and shows how it differs between the 1835 and 1849 editions.
Count before you quote
| Item | Number or date | Where it applies |
|---|---|---|
| Runes in the Old Kalevala | 32 runes | 1835 edition |
| Runes in the New Kalevala | 50 runes | 1849 edition |
| Lines of verse | about 12,000 lines | 1849 edition |
| Syllables per line | 8 syllables | Kalevala metre, both editions |
| Stressed syllables | 1, 3, 5 and 7 | trochaic tetrameter |
| Lönnrot's collecting trips | 1828–1844 (16 years) | field work behind both editions |
| Gap between the editions | 14 years | 1835 to 1849 |
| First widely used English translation | 1888 | J. M. Crawford |
Aino is Joukahainen's sister, promised to Väinämöinen after a lost singing match, who drowns rather than become his wife.
Aino enters the epic through her brother. Joukahainen challenges the old sage Väinämöinen to a singing match, loses, and promises his sister to the winner as part of the price of his defeat.
Aino refuses the bargain. Rather than marry the aged singer, she drowns; in the 1835 Old Kalevala the story continues past her death, and she escapes Väinämöinen's fishing net in the form of a fish.
Her name carries the episode's logic: Aino comes from the Finnish 'ainoa', 'the only one', and it has been a standard Finnish female name since the 19th century.
Every figure on this page is taken from the documented history of the epic: the two editions, Lönnrot's collecting years, the metre rules and the dated translations. Where the editions disagree, the page says so instead of smoothing the difference over. Nothing here is asserted beyond those documented facts.
What this page rests on
The figures above rest on the 1835 and 1849 editions, Lönnrot's dated field trips, and the published record of the Crawford translation and the Kullervo premiere.